_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
| || || || |
| || || || |
| __________|| || _________|| ___________|
| | | || / |
| || | || / | |
__________ || | || ___/_____ ___________ |
| || | || || |
| || | || || |
|_________________||________|________||_________________||_________________|
****************************************************************************
SNES Documentation v2.30: Written by Yoshi
****************************************************************************
Well, seems like you're interested in the SNES programming world.
First off, learn 65c816 assembly. This document will probably be
WAY over your head if you don't even understand basic opcodes. I
don't plan on adding a "how.to.code.in.65c816" section to this
document, *EVER*. Learn it yourself. I can help you with it, but
you need to learn the basics yourself. It's worth it in the long-
run, trust me.
This document currently covers more than ANY other document i've
ever seen: No, i'm not bragging. I'm stating a fact. I'm proud to be
the one to release this information, too. I feel everyone has the
right to know about all of this, especially if they're interested in
getting a career in the SNES-world.
If you have any information to send me, such as typo comments, or
information which is "wrong" or *NEW* information, do so! I'm always
updating this thing: the more the better. It's looking great so
far, and I plan on keeping the rate-of-progress steady.
For more information about moi, read on! :-)
****************************************************************************
I'm 17 years old; brown hair, blue/grey eyes. 5 foot 10 inches
tall (175cm), 145 pounds (62.25kg). I am currently in my 5th
year of high school (I failed my senior year), attending Corvallis
High School in Corvallis, Oregon.
I'm currently without a job, but i'd love to do development work
in a CS-related job, ESPECIALLY SNES-related. I'm available! :-)
In my spare time, I enjoy writing stories (books, if you must know.
I love writing, so...), SNES documentation (ha ha ha), programming
(in just about anything and everything), biking, sleeping, sketch-
ing, and IRCing. You can *ALWAYS* find me on IRC at just about ANY
time of the day. Leave me a /MSG -info note (which is sent to me
via EMail, FYI), and i'll get it when I log in to check my mail.
As of January 24th, 1995, I will be 18 years old. I'm not employed
(vs. unemployed, where you've actually HAD a job). Dunno what'll
happen to me. Maybe i'll die. Who knows. I hope to move in with
a good friend of mine, but i'm too chicken to ask. I'd rather be
out on the street w/out foot than be told "No you can't" - it's a
huge flaw in my philosophy... Sorry.
You can reach via the following ways:
InterNET: yoshi@CSOS.ORST.EDU (fast, and is preferred)
yoshi@drift.winternet.com
IRC: Yoshi
Phone: 1+ 503-753-2431
SnailMail: Jeremy Chadwick
33811 Twin Maple Lane
Corvallis, OR 97333
USA
****************************************************************************
December 28th, 1994
- Yoshi
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|rwd2?|Address|Title & Explanation |
||||||-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
|||||| |
||||||__ ?: Don't know what the statistics on this register are |
|||||____ 2: 2 byte (1 word) length register |
||||_____ d: Double-byte write required when writing to this register |
|||______ w: Writable register |
||_______ r: Readable register |
| |
|Words in brackets ( [] ) are the official "names" of the registers |
|Words in braces ( {} ) are different from the "real" SNES manual |
|Bits define 1 as "ON/ENABLE" and 0 as "OFF/DISABLE," unless otherwise stated|
|Registers without any bits/defined-data can be assumed to be 8 bits in size |
|and should only be read once. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|NOTE! I have renamed all occurances of "Plane {x}" to "BG{x+1}." This means |
|stuff like "Plane 2" is now referred to as "BG3" - This is how it is done |
|(so i'm told) in the official SNES documentation, so for compatibility and |
|comprehension, i've renamed everything. |
| |
|I have also renamed "Sprites" to "OBJ", "objects," or "OAM" for the same |
|reason that I renamed "Plane" to "BG." |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|rwd2?|Address|Title & Explanation |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| w |$2100 |Screen display register [INIDISP] |
| | |x000bbbb x: 0 = Screen on. |
| | | 1 = Screen off. |
| | | bbbb: Brightness ($0-$F). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2101 |OAM size register [OBSEL] |
| | |sssnnbbb s: 000 = 8x8 or 16x16. |
| | | 001 = 8x8 or 32x32. |
| | | 010 = 8x8 or 64x64. |
| | | 011 = 16x16 or 32x32. |
| | | 100 = 16x16 or 64x64. |
| | | 101 = 32x32 or 64x64. |
| | | n: Name selection (upper 4k word addr). |
| | | b: Base selection (8k word seg. addr). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$2102 |OAM address register [OAMADDL/OAMADDH] |
| | |aaaaaaaa r000000m a: OAM address. |
| | | r: OAM priority rotation. |
| | | m: OAM address MSB. |
| | | |
| | | |
| wd |$2104 |OAM data register [OAMDATA] |
| | |???????? ???????? |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2105 |Screen mode register [BGMODE] |
| | |abcdefff a: BG4 tile size (0=8x8, 1=16x16). |
| | | b: BG3 tile size (0=8x8, 1=16x16). |
| | | c: BG2 tile size (0=8x8, 1=16x16). |
| | | d: BG1 tile size (0=8x8, 1=16x16). |
| | | e: Highest priority for BG3 in MODE 1. |
| | | f: MODE definition. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2106 |Screen pixelation register [MOSAIC] |
| | |xxxxabcd x: Pixel size (0=Smallest, $F=Largest). |
| | | a: Affect BG4. |
| | | b: Affect BG3. |
| | | c: Affect BG2. |
| | | d: Affect BG1. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2107 |BG1 VRAM location register [BG1SC] |
| | |xxxxxxab x: Base address |
| | | ab: SC size |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2108 |BG2 VRAM location register [BG2SC] -| |
| w |$2109 |BG3 VRAM location register [BG3SC] |- Same as $2107. |
| w |$210A |BG4 VRAM location register [BG4SC] -| |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$210B |BG1 & BG2 VRAM location register [BG12NBA] |
| | |aaaabbbb a: Base address for BG2. |
| | | b: Base address for BG1. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$210C |BG3 & BG4 VRAM location register [BG34NBA] |
| | |aaaabbbb a: Base address for BG4. |
| | | b: Base address for BG3. |
| | | |
| | | |
| wd |$210D |BG1 horizontal scroll register [BG1HOFS] |
| | |mmmmmaaa aaaaaaaa a: Horizontal offset. |
| | | m: Only set with MODE 7. |
| | | |
| | |This is an intruiging register. Like the types define, it has |
| | |to be written to twice: The first byte holds the first 8 bits,|
| | |and the second byte holds the last 3 bits. This makes a total |
| | |of 11 bits for information. This only proves true for MODes |
| | |0 to 6. MODE 7 uses 13 bits instead of 11. As long as you're |
| | |not in MODE 7, you can store $00 in the 2nd byte for a smooth |
| | |scrolling background. |
| | | |
| | | |
| wd |$210E |BG1 vertical scroll register [BG1VOFS] -| |
| wd |$210F |BG2 horizontal scroll register [BG2HOFS] | |
| wd |$2110 |BG3 vertical scroll register [BG2VOFS] | |
| wd |$2111 |BG3 horizontal scroll register [BG3HOFS] |- Same as $210D. |
| wd |$2112 |BG3 vertical scroll register [BG3VOFS] | |
| wd |$2113 |BG4 horizontal scroll register [BG4HOFS] | |
| wd |$2114 |BG4 vertical scroll register [BG4VOFS] -| |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2115 |Video port control [VMAIN] |
| | |i000abcd i: 0 = Addr-inc after writing to $2118 |
| | | or reading from $2139. |
| | | 1 = Addr-inc after writing to $2119 |
| | | or reading from $213A. |
| | | ab: Full graphic (see table below). |
| | | cd: SC increment (see table below). |
| | |abcd|Result |
| | |----|---------------------------------------------------------|
| | |0100|Increment by 8 for 32 times (2-bit formation). |
| | |1000|Increment by 8 for 64 times (4-bit formation). |
| | |1100|Increment by 8 for 128 times (8-bit formation). |
| | |0000|Address increments 1x1. |
| | |0001|Address increments 32x32. |
| | |0010|Address increments 64x64. |
| | |0011|Address increments 128x128. |
| | |----|---------------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$2116 |Video port address [VMADDL/VMADDH] |
| | |???????? ???????? |
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$2118 |Video port data [VMDATAL/VMDATAH] |
| | |???????? ???????? |
| | | |
| | |According to bit 7 of $2115, the data can be stored as: |
| | | |
| | |Bit 7|Register |Result |
| | |-----|---------------------------|----------------------------|
| | | 0 |Write to $2118 only. |Lower 8-bits written then |
| | | | |address is increased. |
| | | 0 |Write to $2119 then $2118. |Address increased when both |
| | | | |are written to (in order). |
| | | 1 |Write to $2119 only. |Upper 8-bits written, then |
| | | | |address is increased. |
| | | 1 |Write to $2118 then $2119. |Address increased when both |
| | | | |are written to (in order). |
| | |-----|---------------------------|----------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$211A |MODE7 settings register [M7SEL] |
| | |ab0000yx ab: (see table below). |
| | | y: Vertical screen flip (1=flip). |
| | | x: Horizontal screen flip (1=flip). |
| | | |
| | |ab|Result |
| | |--|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| | |00|Screen repetition if outside of screen area. |
| | |10|Character 0x00 repetition if outside of screen area. |
| | |11|Outside of screen area is back-drop screen in 1 colour. |
| | |--|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$211B |COS (COSINE) rotate angle / X Expansion [M7A] |
| w |$211C |SIN (SIN) rotate angle / X Expansion [M7B] |
| w |$211D |SIN (SIN) rotate angle / Y Expansion [M7C] |
| w |$211E |COS (COSINE) rotate angle / Y Expansion [M7D] |
| wd |$211F |Center position X (13-bit data only) [M7X] |
| wd |$2120 |Center position Y (13-bit data only) [M7Y] |
| | | |
| | |MODE 7 formulae for rotation/enlargement/reduction: |
| | | |
| | |X2 = AB * X1-X0 + X0 |
| | |Y2 = CD * Y1-Y0 + Y0 |
| | | |
| | |A = COS(GAMMA)*(1/ALPHA) B = SIN(GAMMA)*(1/ALPHA) |
| | |C = SIN(GAMMA)*(1/BETA) D = COS(GAMMA)*(1/BETA) |
| | | |
| | | GAMMA: Rotation angle. |
| | | ALPHA: Reduction rates for X (horizontal). |
| | | BETA: Reduction rates for Y (vertical). |
| | |X0 & Y0: Center coordinate. |
| | |X1 & Y1: Display coordinate. |
| | |X2 & Y2: Coordinate before calculation. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2121 |Colour # (or pallete) selection register [CGADD] |
| | |xxxxxxxx x: Address (color #). |
| | | |
| | | |
| wd |$2122 |Colour data register [CGDATA] |
| | |xxxxxxxx x: Value of colour. |
| | | |
| | |SNES colour is 15 bit; 5 bits for red, green, and blue. The |
| | |order isn't RGB though: It's BGR (RGB reversed!). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2123 |Window mask settings register [W12SEL] |
| | |abcdefgh a: Disable/enable BG2 Window 2. |
| | | b: BG2 Window 2 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | c: Disable/enable BG2 Window 1. |
| | | d: BG2 Window 1 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | e: Disable/enable BG1 Window 2. |
| | | f: BG1 Window 2 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | g: Disable/enable BG1 Window 1. |
| | | h: BG1 Window 1 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2124 |Window mask settings register [W34SEL] |
| | |abcdefgh a: Disable/enable BG4 Window 2. |
| | | b: BG4 Window 2 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | c: Disable/enable BG4 Window 1. |
| | | d: BG4 Window 1 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | e: Disable/enable BG3 Window 2. |
| | | f: BG3 Window 2 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | g: Disable/enable BG3 Window 1. |
| | | h: BG3 Window 1 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2125 |Window mask settings register [WOBJSEL] |
| | |abcdefgh a: Disable/enable colour Window 2. |
| | | b: Colour Window 2 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | c: Disable/enable colour Window 1. |
| | | d: Colour Window 1 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | e: Disable/enable OBJ Window 2. |
| | | f: OBJ Window 2 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | g: Disable/enable OBJ Window 1. |
| | | h: OBJ Window 1 I/O (0=IN). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2126 |Window 1 left position register [WH0] |
| | |aaaaaaaa a: Position. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2127 |Window 1 right position register [WH1] -| |
| w |$2128 |Window 2 left position register [WH2] |- Same as $2126. |
| w |$2129 |Window 2 right position register [WH3] -| |
| | | |
| | |I may have the Window numbers reversed; as in, $2126 may be |
| | |for Window 2, not Window 1; $2127 may be for Window 2, not |
| | |Window 1... and so on... |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$212A |Mask logic settings for Window 1 & 2 per screen [WBGLOG] |
| | |aabbccdd a: BG4 parms -| |
| | | b: BG3 parms |- See table in $212B. |
| | | c: BG2 parms | |
| | | d: BG1 parms -| |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$212B |Mask logic settings for Colour Windows & OBJ Windows [WOBJLOG]|
| | |0000aabb a: Colour Window parms (see table below)|
| | | b: OBJ Window parms (see table below). |
| | | |
| | |Hi-bit|Lo-bit|Logic |
| | |------|------|------------------------------------------------|
| | | 0 | 0 |OR |
| | | 0 | 1 |AND |
| | | 1 | 0 |XOR |
| | | 1 | 1 |XNOR |
| | |------|------|------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$212C |Main screen designation [TM] |
| | |000abcde a: OBJ/OAM disable/enable. |
| | | b: Disable/enable BG4. |
| | | c: Disable/enable BG3. |
| | | d: Disable/enable BG2. |
| | | e: Disable/enable BG1. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$212D |Sub-screen designation [TD] |
| | |*** Same as $212C, but for the sub-screens, not the main. |
| | | |
| | |Remember: When screen addition/subtraction is enabled, the |
| | |sub screen is added/subtracted against the main screen. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$212E |Window mask main screen designation register [TMW] |
| | |*** Same as $212C, but for window-masks. |
| | | |
| w |$212F |Window mask sub screen designation register [TSW] |
| | |*** Same as $212E, but for the sub screen. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2130 |Fixed color addition or screen addition register [CGWSEL] |
| | |abcd00ef ab: Main (see table below). |
| | | cd: Sub (see table below). |
| | | e: 0 = Enable +/- for fixed colour. |
| | | 1 = Enable +/- for sub screen. |
| | | f: Colour & char-data = direct color |
| | | data (MODE 3, 4 & 7 only). |
| | | |
| | |ab|Result |
| | |--|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| | |00|All the time. |
| | |01|Inside window only. |
| | |10|Outside window only. |
| | |11|All the time. |
| | |--|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| w |$2131 |Addition/subtraction for screens, BGs, & OBJs [CGADSUB] |
| | |mrgsabcd m: 0 = Enable + colour-data mode. |
| | | 1 = Enable - colour-data mode. |
| | | r: See below for more info. |
| | | g: Affect back-area. |
| | | s: Affect OBJs. |
| | | a: Affect BG4. |
| | | b: Affect BG3. |
| | | c: Affect BG2. |
| | | d: Affect BG1. |
| | | |
| | |*** 'r' is some sort-of "1/2 of colour data" on/off bit. When |
| | | the colour constant +/- or screen +/- is performed, desig-|
| | | nate whether the RGB result in the +/- area should be 1/2 |
| | | or not; the back-area is not affected. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2132 |Fixed colour data for fixed colour +/- [COLDATA] |
| | |bgrdddddd b: Set to change blue. |
| | | g: Set to change green. |
| | | r: Set to change red. |
| | | d: Set colour constant data for +/-. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$2133 |Screen mode/video select register [SETINI] |
| | |sn00pvshi |
| | | s: Super-impose SFX graphics over ex- |
| | | ternal video (usually 0). |
| | | n: External mode (screen expand). When |
| | | sing MODE 7, enable. |
| | | p: 0 = 256 resolution. |
| | | 1 = 512 sub screen resolution. |
| | | v: 0 = 224 vertical resolution. |
| | | 1 = 239 vertical resolution. |
| | | s: See below for more info. |
| | | i: 0 = No interlace. |
| | | 1 = Interlaced display. |
| | | |
| | |*** When in interlace mode, select either the 1-dot per line |
| | | mode or the 1-dot repeated every 2-lines mode. If '1' is |
| | | set in this bit, the OBJ seems to be reduced vertically |
| | | by 1/2. |
| | | |
| | |*** Interlaced mode is used in the SNES test cartridge. It |
| | | does flicker, but it gives a FULL 480 vertical resolution.|
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$2134 |Multiplication result register (low) [MPYL] |
|r |$2135 |Multiplication result register (middle) [MPYM] |
|r |$2136 |Multiplication result register (high) [MPYH] |
| | |*** Result is 8 bits long for $2134, $2135, and $2136. |
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$2137 |Software latch for horizontal/vertical counter [SLHV] |
| | |aaaaaaaa a: Result. |
| | | |
| | |The counter value at the point when $2137 is read can be |
| | |latched. Data read is meaningless. |
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$2138 |Read data from OAM {OAMDATAREAD} |
|r 2 |$2139 |Read data from VRAM {VMDATALREAD/VMDATAHREAD} |
|r |$213B |Read data from CG-RAM (colour) {CGDATAREAD} |
|r d |$213C |Horizontal scanline location [OPHCT] |
|r d |$213D |Vertical scanline location [OPVCT] |
| | |*** Registers $213C and $213D are 9-bits in length. |
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$213E |PPU status flag & version number [STAT77] |
| | |trm0vvvv t: Time over (see below). |
| | | r: Range over (see below). |
| | | m: Master/slave mode select. Usually 0. |
| | | v: Version # ($5C77 (???)). |
| | | |
| | |*** Range: When the quantity of the OBJ (size is non-relevant)|
| | | becomes 33 pieces or more, '1' is set. |
| | | Time: When the quantity of the OBJ which is converted to |
| | | 8x8 is 35 pieces or more, '1' will be set. |
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$213F |PPU status flag & version number [STAT78] |
| | |fl0mvvvv f: Field # scanned in int. mode (0=1st).|
| | | l: Set if external signal (light pen, |
| | | etc.) is installed/applied. |
| | | m: NTSC/PAL mode (0=NTSC, 1=PAL). |
| | | v: Version # ($5C78 (???)). |
| | | |
| | | |
|rw |$2140 |[APUI00] -| |
|rw |$2141 |[APUI01] |- Audio registers. See sound.doc and sid-spc.src. |
|rw |$2142 |[APUI02] | |
|rw |$2143 |[APUI03] -| |
| | | |
| | | |
|rw |$2180 |Read/write WRAM register [WMDATA] |
|rw |$2181 |WRAM data register (low byte) [WMADDL] |
|rw |$2182 |WRAM data register (middle byte) [WMADDM] |
|rw |$2183 |WRAM data register (high byte) [WMADDH] |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$4200 |Counter enable [NMITIMEN] |
| | |a0yx000b a: NMI/VBlank interrupt. |
| | | y: Vertical counter. |
| | | x: Horizontal counter. |
| | | b: Joypad read-enable. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$4201 |Programmable I/O port (out-port) [WRIO] |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$4202 |Multiplicand 'A' [WRMPYA] |
| w |$4203 |Multiplier 'B' [WRMPYB] |
| | |*** Absolute multiplication used when using the two above reg-|
| | | isters. Formulae is: 'A (8-bit) * B (8-bit) = C (16-bit)'.|
| | | Result can be read from $4216. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$4204 |Dividend C [WRDIVL/WRDIVH] |
| w |$4205 |Divisor B [WRDIVB] |
| | |*** Absolute division used when using the two above registers.|
| | | Formulae is 'C (16-bit) / B (8-bit) = A (16-bit)'. |
| | | Result can be read from $4214, and the remainder read from|
| | | $4216. |
| | |*** Operation will start when $4205 is set, and will be com- |
| | | pleted after 16 machine cycles. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$4207 |Video horizontal IRQ beam position/pointer [HTIMEL/HTIMEH] |
| | |0000000x xxxxxxxx x: Beam position. |
| | | |
| | |Valid values for x range from 0 to 339, due to overscan. The |
| | |timer is reset every scanline, so unless it's disabled, you'll|
| | |receive an interrupt every time the beam hits the value given.|
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$4209 |Video vertical IRQ beam position/pointer [VTIMEL/VTIMEH] |
| | |0000000y yyyyyyyy y: Beam position. |
| | | |
| | |Same as $4207, but valid values for y are 0 to 261 (based from|
| | |overscan at the top of the screen). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$420B |DMA enable register [MDMAEN] |
| | |abcdefgh a: DMA channel #7. |
| | | b: DMA channel #6. |
| | | c: DMA channel #5. |
| | | d: DMA channel #4. |
| | | e: DMA channel #3. |
| | | f: DMA channel #2. |
| | | g: DMA channel #1. |
| | | h: DMA channel #0. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$420C |HDMA enable register. |
| | |*** Same as $420B, virtually. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$420D |Cycle speed register [MEMSEL] |
| | |0000000x x: 0 = Normal (2.68MHz). |
| | | 1 = Fast (3.58MHz). |
| | | |
| | |Note that using the fast mode requires 120ns or faster EPROMs.|
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$4210 |NMI register [RDNMI] |
| | |x000vvvv x: Disable/enable NMI. |
| | | v: Version # ($5A22 (???)) |
| | | |
| | |Bit 7 can be reset to 0 by reading this register. |
| | | |
| | | |
|rw |$4211 |Video IRQ register [TIMEUP] |
| | |i0000000 i: 0 = IRQ is not enabled. |
| | | 1 = IRQ is enabled. |
| | | |
| | |This location MUST be read to clear a horizontal or vertical |
| | |raster interrupt. It's all relative to $4200. If the horiz- |
| | |ontal timer interrupt (bit 4, $4200) is set then the interrupt|
| | |will be generated according to the position in $4207. Same |
| | |thing is for vertical timing (bit 5, $4200) but the position |
| | |will be read from $4209, not $4207. |
| | | |
| | | |
|rw |$4212 |Status register [HVBJOY] |
| | |xy00000a x: 0 = Not in VBlank state. |
| | | 1 = In VBlank state. |
| | | y: 0 = Not in HBlank state. |
| | | 1 = In HBlank state. |
| | | a: 0 = Joypad not ready. |
| | | 1 = Joypad ready. |
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$4213 |Programmable I/O port (in-port) [RDIO] |
| | | |
| | | |
|r 2 |$4214 |Quotient of divide result [RDDIVL/RDDIVH] |
| | | |
| | | |
|r 2 |$4216 |Multiplication or divide result [RDMPYL/RDMPYH] |
| | | |
| | | |
|r |$4218 |Joypad #1 status register [JOY1L] |
| | |abcd0000 a: A button (1=pressed). |
| | | b: X button (1=pressed). |
| | | c: Top-Left (1=pressed). |
| | | d: Top-Rght (1=pressed). |
| | | |
|r |$4219 |Joypad #1 status register [JOY1H] |
| | |abcdefgh a: B button (1=pressed). |
| | | b: Y button (1=pressed). |
| | | c: Select (1=pressed). |
| | | d: Start (1=pressed). |
| | | e: Up (1=pressed). |
| | | f: Down (1=pressed). |
| | | g: Left (1=pressed). |
| | | h: Right (1=pressed). |
| | | |
|r |$421A |Joypad #2 status register [JOY2L] -| |
|r |$421B |Joypad #2 status register [JOY2H] | |
|r |$421C |Joypad #3 status register [JOY3L] |- Same as $4218 & $4219. |
|r |$421D |Joypad #3 status register [JOY3H] | |
|r |$421E |Joypad #4 status register [JOY4L] | |
|r |$421F |Joypad #4 status register [JOY4H] -| |
| | |*** Joypad registers can be read w/ a 16-bit accum/X/Y and |
| | | both the high and low bytes will received valid data. |
| | | |
| | | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|The following data is for DMA-transfers. 'x' represents the DMA channel #, |
|which ranges from 0 to 7. So, the following would represent each section: |
|DMA #0: $4300-$4305. |
|DMA #1: $4310-$4315. |
|.................... |
|DMA #7: $4370-$4375. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| w |$43x0 |DMA Control register [DMAPX] |
| | |vh0cbaaa v: 0 = CPU memory -> PPU. |
| | | 1 = PPU -> CPU memory. |
| | | h: For HDMA only: |
| | | 0 = Absolute addressing. |
| | | 1 = Indirect addressing. |
| | | c: 0 = Auto address inc/decrement. |
| | | 1 = Fixed address (for VRAM, etc.). |
| | | b: 0 = Automatic increment. |
| | | 1 = Automatic decrement. |
| | | a: Transfer type:
| | | 000 = 1 address write twice: LH. |
| | | 001 = 2 addresses: LH. |
| | | 010 = 1 address write once. |
| | | 011 = 2 addresses write twice: LLHH |
| | | 100 = 4 addresses: LHLH |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$43x1 |DMA Destination register [BBADX] |
| | |xxxxxxxx x: Low-byte address. |
| | | |
| | |*** The upper-byte address is assumed to be $21, making your |
| | | access addresses $2100 to $21FF. |
| | | |
| | | |
| w 2 |$43x2 |Source address [A1TXL/A1TXH] |
| w |$43x4 |Source bank address [A1BX] |
| w 2 |$43x5 |DMA transfer size & HDMA address register [DASXL/DASXH] |
| | |*** When using DMA, $43x5 defines the # of bytes to be trans- |
| | | ferred via DMA itself. When using HDMA, $43x5 defines the |
| | | data address ($43x5 = low byte, $43x6 = hi byte). |
| | | |
| | | |
| w |$43xA |Number of lines for HDMA transfer [NTRLX] |
| | |cxxxxxxx c: Continue (0=yes, 1=no (???)). |
| | | x: # of lines to transfer. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|Additional information follows. |
|Most of the following information is for SMC files, and where the header |
|info is kept in memory, etc. etc. etc... |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|rw |$FEED |UNDOCUMENTED REGISTER: Felon's banana register [FBNANACNT] |
| | |rcnnnnnn r: Ripe bit (0=ripe, 1=rotten). |
| | | c: Colour bit (0=yellow, 1=green). |
| | | n: Number of bananas. |
| | | |
| | |*** This register counts the number of bananas Felon currently|
| | | has in his possession... (Who the hell is Felon?!). |
| | | |
| | |*** According to numerous sources, this register can be used |
| | | to calculate pi to the 5-billionth digit in 20 clock |
| | | cycles. The number of cycles corresponds to Felon's age, |
| | | increasing by 1 every 365 days (1 year). It is increased |
| | | by 2 every leap year. |
| | | |
| | | |
|rw |$FFC0 |Cartridge title. |
|rw |$FFD6 |ROM/RAM information on cart. |
|rw |$FFD7 |ROM size. |
|rw |$FFD8 |RAM size. |
|rw |$FFD9 |Developer ID code. |
|rw |$FFDB |Version number. |
|rw |$FFDC |Checksum complement. |
|rw |$FFDE |Checksum. |
|rw |$FFEA |NMI vector/VBL interrupt. |
|rw |$FFEC |Reset vector. |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |The SNES has some interesting colour characteristics. The colour, theoret- | |ically is 15 bit; each RGB value (Red, Green, and Blue) has 5 bits for each | |colour. | | | |When it comes to putting the colour data into $2122, the format (in binary) | |is the following: | | b: Blue ?bbbbbgg gggrrrrr | | g: Green | | r: Red | | ?: The infamous bit-of-confusion. :-) | | | |A quick colour chart could be the following: | | $7FFF [0111 1111 1111 1111]: White. | | $001F [0000 0000 0001 1111]: Red. | | $03E0 [0000 0011 1110 0000]: Green. | | $7C00 [0111 1100 0000 0000]: Blue. | | $7C1F [0111 1100 0001 1111]: Purple. | | $7FE0 [0111 1111 1110 0000]: Aqua. | | $03FF [0000 0011 1111 1111]: Yellow. | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|For those of you who don't know how the SNES does do it's graphics, it |
|uses tiles (surprise surprise!). |
| |
|There are different MODEs on the SNES; the most famous being MODE 7. |
|Most people think that $2106 (Screen Pixelation: Look in SNES.1 for an ex- |
|planation on this register) is MODE 7. *** THIS IS NOT MODE 7!!! ***. |
|So, the next time the pixels get really "big" (almost making them look like |
|look like IBM-clone 320x200x256 MODE 13h graphics), and your friend says |
|"WOW! MODE 7 is really awesome," punch him/her in the nose for me. Just |
|joking. :-) |
| |
|I'll be explaining MODE 1. I know how MODE 7 works, but since i've never |
|used it, don't plan on me explaining it in the near future. Sorry to those |
|who were looking for a MODE 7 document. Look elsewhere... |
| |
|MODE # of BGs MaxColour/Tile Palettes Colours |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|0 4 4 8 32 |
|1 3 16/16/4 8 128 |
| |
|MODE 0 is good for geometric shapes (if you were going to rotate a wire- |
|frame cube, or something like that), basic star scrolls, or a very 'bland' |
|text scroller... it's pretty cool and doesn't take up much space. |
| |
|I'm going to explain MODE 1, since MODE 0 is the same thing but with less |
|bitplanes. :-) |
| |
|MODE 1 is really best for things; detailed star scrolls, text scrollers, |
|geometric shapes, and filled objects. It's the most common used MODE in the |
|the professional SNES programming world. |
| |
|You need to "setup the plane" to tell it what tile goes where. If you want |
|demo-code, check out 'test.asm' in 'test.lzh'. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|So, lets assume we have a character (a 8x8 tile) which we want to work with |
|to figure out the SNES's colour scheme: |
| |
|TestCHR1 dcb $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00 ; '@' |
|TestCHR2 dcb $00,$3C,$4E,$5E,$5E,$40,$3C,$00 ; '@' |
| |
|You're probably wondering how the two lines above turn into actual graphic |
|data on your monitor or television set. Very simple. Consider each byte |
|(each new $xx statement) a new pixel line. Tile size is 8x8. |
| |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00000000 = $00 This is TestCHR1 |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| %00111100 = $3C This is TestCHR2 |
| %01001110 = $4E |
| %01011110 = $5E |
| %01011110 = $5E |
| %01000000 = $40 |
| %00111100 = $3C |
| %00000000 = $00 |
| |
|The at-symbol ('@') is visible in TestCHR2. Now you're probably wondering |
|"Well, that tells me how to define a pixel on and off; what about the colour|
|itself!" Once again, very simple, but a tad more complex: |
| |
|If you have a 0 for bitplane 0, a 0 for bitplane 1, a 0 for bitplane 2, |
|and a 0 for bitplane 3, you get color #0; eg.: |
| 0000 = Color #0 |
| ||||___________Bitplane 0 |
| |||__________Bitplane 1 |
| ||_________Bitplane 2 |
| |________Bitplane 3 |
| |
|So, now, think about a 0 for bitplane 0, a 1 for bitplane 1 and 2, and a 0 |
|for bitplane 3: |
| 0110 = Color #6 |
| ||||___________Bitplane 0 |
| |||__________Bitplane 1 |
| |_________Bitplane 2 |
| |________Bitplane 3 |
| |
|Keep in mind, this is the best explanation i've ever seen done about SNES |
|pixel color definition. Until I see better, I'd have to say this is the |
|best it's gonna get. |
|The result above gives you the color # per pixel; it's interesting. It's an |
|"overlay" method, so-to-speak, not to confuse this w/ main and sub-screens. |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|MODE # of BGs MaxColour/Tile Palettes Colours |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|0 4 4 8 32 |
|1 3 16/16/4 8 128 |
|2 ? ??? ? ??? |
|3 2 256 & 16 1 & 8 256 & 32 |
|4 2 256 & 4 1 & 8 256 & 32 |
|5 ? ??? ? ??? |
|6 ? 16 8 128 (Interlaced mode) |
|7 ? 256 1 256 |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|Parms which have question marks ("?") mean that I don't know their stats. |
|Any information would be greatly appreciated! I have personally tested some |
|of the MODEs (MODE 0, 1, and 3), but none of the rest. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|MODE 1's "16/16/4" means you can have 16 colours per tile on BG1 and BG2, |
|but on BG3 you can only have 4. |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|MODE 3 can have 256 colours on the first plane, but only 16 on the second. |
|MODE 4 isn't the exact same as MODE 3 (as v2.20 of my document stated), but |
|i'm waiting for someone to tell me the differences... |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |The OBJs use a lookup table that contains info on their X and Y position on | |the screen, their size, if they're flipped vertically or horizontally, their| |colour, and the actual data. | | | |The format you need to make the table is as follows: | | | | | |Spr. # Size Offset Explanation | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 0 Byte 0 xxxxxxxx x: X-location. | | Byte 1 yyyyyyyy y: Y-location. | | Byte 2 abcdeeeC a: Vertical flip. | | b: Horizontal flip. | | c: Playfield priority. | | d: Playfield priority. | | e: Pallete #. | | Byte 3 CCCCCCCC C: Character data. | | | | 1 Byte 4 xxxxxxxx x: X-location. | | Byte 5 yyyyyyyy y: Y-location. | | Byte 6 abcdeeeC a: Vertical flip. | | b: Horizontal flip. | | c: Playfield priority. | | d: Playfield priority. | | e: Pallete #. | | Byte 7 CCCCCCCC C: Character data. | |...and so on... | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Continue this table all the way down to OBJ #127 (out of 128). Don't think | |you're finished quite yet: There is one more table of data required. | | | |2 bits are defined for each OBJ (eg. byte #0 holds the info for OBJ 0, 1, 2,| |and 3; byte #1 holds the info for OBJ 4, 5, 6, and 7). Therefore, 128/4 is | |32 bytes of data for the following table: | | ab | | ||____Size toggle bit. | | |_____MSB of X-position bit. | | | |So, the 4 bytes/sprites + the block are put into the OAM table by consec- | |utive writes to the OAM data register. You first should set the OAM address | |to $0000, then shove your data into it. | | | |If you don't set the block after the OAM as well, the results are bad. All | |the data for the MSB stuff wouldn't be defined correctly, which would result| |in your entire OBJ table being wacko. Have atleast some 0's there or a table| |which you really want to use in the long run. | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |I have never used an actual Super MagiComm before, and I would strongly re- | |commend not using these unless you know what each one does for sure. If you | |decide to write any sort-of operating system for the SNES, please do get in | |touch with me. | | | |The below registers i've never tested, or had tested. If you end up killing | |your console unit because of this, I TAKE NO RESPONSIBILITY. | | | |Location Value returned when read Value input when written | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |$C000: Input Register | |$C002: Digital Output Register | |$C004: Main Status Register | |$C005: Data Register Data Register | |$C007: Digital Input Register Disk Control Register | |$C008: Parallel Data Parallel Data | |$C009: Parallel Status | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |Here's a really basic memory map of the SNES's memory. Thanks to Geggin of | |Censor for supplying this. Reminder: this is a memory map in MODE 20. | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Bank |Address |Description | |-------|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------| |$00-$3F|$0000-$1FFF |Scratchpad RAM. Set D-reg here if you'd like (I do) | | |$2000-$5FFF |Reserved (PPU, DMA) | | |$6000-$7FFF |Expand (???) | | |$8000-$FFFF |ROM (for code, graphics, etc.) | |$70 |$0000-$7FFF |SRAM (BRAM) - Battery RAM | |$7E |$0000-$1FFF |Scratchpad RAM (same as bank $00 to $3F) | | |$2000-$FFFF |RAM (for music, or whatever) | |$7F |$0000-$FFFF |RAM (for whatever) | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
I'd like to thank the following people:
Jeremy Gordon: Thanks for supplying me your sprite documentation. I
don't think this doc. would be complete without it!
Also for 65816 v2.0! Excellent assembler.
AntiTrack: Thanks for the source! Next time, i'll ask! (grin)
Toshi: I know you can't say much due to your job, but I
really appreciate all the moral support you've given
me. I wish I could show you how much it means to me.
minus: Work on TRASM some more! Fix' dem bugs! :-)
Jehu: Keep in touch. Get back to me about the job!
Clay C.: Without you, who knows where i'd be.
Troy_: I appreciate the logos!
Geggin of Censor: Thanks for the memory map!
D. Messiah of PiR: ...for all the EMail, long talks, 'n all that jazz.
You're like a brother to me.
Hellos and "HEY! You're important too!"s go out to:
III_Demon, JackRippr, Amos, Norm, Hardware, Skywalkr, KingPhish,
felon, AntiTrack, IRSMan, sendog, SHORYUKEN, _grazzt, RuGalz, and
all the rest of the #SNES and famidev-gang.
|